neutrino‑science

Neutrino science · evidence-based research portal

The science behind
neutrino energy.

A portal to neutrino science — ninety years of neutrino physics, from Pauli’s postulate to coherent scattering, read as deep-dive series, each grounded in peer-reviewed primary sources.

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~65 billion solar neutrinos pass through every cm² of you each second
3 flavours: electron, muon, and tau
1956 the year the neutrino was first detected
< 0.45 eV current direct upper limit on the neutrino mass

What is neutrino science?

Neutrino science is the study of neutrinos — nearly massless, electrically neutral particles that stream through ordinary matter almost untouched. It spans their fundamental properties, the oscillations that prove they have mass, the detectors built to catch them, and the sources across the cosmos and the Earth that produce them.

This portal organises neutrino science into six research tracks, each grounded in peer-reviewed primary sources — from coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) and the 2015 Nobel Prize to the applied neutrinovoltaic research frontier.

Six research tracks

  1. 01 Fundamentals Flavours, mass, helicity, and the Standard Model context.
  2. 02 Oscillations PMNS mixing, mass ordering, and the 2015 Nobel Prize.
  3. 03 Detection Cherenkov detection and coherent elastic scattering (CEvNS).
  4. 04 Sources Solar, reactor, atmospheric, supernova, and geoneutrinos.
  5. 05 Cosmology The cosmic neutrino background and the early universe.
  6. 06 Applications Neutrinovoltaics and the Schubart master equation.

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Applied research · Neutrino Energy Group

The Neutrino Energy Group

Led by Holger Thorsten Schubart, the Neutrino Energy Group develops neutrinovoltaic technology — converting energy from neutrinos and other ambient radiation using graphene–silicon materials. Below is its central result, the Schubart master equation (2024), presented as an applied-research framework anchored to established physics.

P(t)
electrical output power
η
graphene–silicon conversion efficiency
Φeff
effective flux density of invisible radiation
σeff
structural coupling coefficient
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Understanding the Neutrino

A seven-part introduction to the neutrino — from why it had to exist, through its discovery and three flavours, to the question of mass that reshaped the Standard Model.

  1. 01 What Is a Neutrino?
  2. 02 A Particle Predicted by Necessity
  3. 03 Catching the Ghost: The 1956 Detection
  4. 04 Three Flavours
  5. 05 The Question of Mass
  6. 06 Helicity and the Antineutrino
  7. 07 Why Neutrinos Matter

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Neutrino science: frequently asked questions

Are neutrinos dangerous to humans?
No. Neutrinos interact so weakly that the roughly 100 trillion passing through your body each second leave it untouched. Over an entire lifetime perhaps only one ever interacts with you.
How are neutrinos detected?
With very large, ultra-clean detectors, often deep underground, that watch for the rare flash of light or charge produced when a neutrino strikes an atom. See Detection.
Do neutrinos travel faster than light?
No. Neutrinos travel just below the speed of light because they have a tiny mass. A 2011 result suggesting otherwise was traced to a faulty cable and later retracted.
Can neutrinos be used for energy?
The Neutrino Energy Group is pursuing neutrinovoltaics, an applied-research approach to converting energy from neutrinos and other ambient radiation using nanostructured graphene–silicon materials. See Applications.

From the physics to the technology

The applied neutrinovoltaic research of the Neutrino Energy Group, grounded in the established physics documented across this site.

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